Objectives: Nicotine is an addictive alkaloid agent. Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) is a product that contains nicotine and various ingredients while producing steam. Its usage is spreading among people in Turkey like ...

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Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third most common cause of death in the world, is a multi-component disease with pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. The red blood cell distribution ...

Background/aim: Sonographic assessment of diaphragm structure and function would be a useful clinical tool in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our aim was to determine the muscle thickness of the ...

Introduction: Pulmonary nodules are common incidental findings on computed tomography (CT). In Turkey, there is no available data about the follow-up of the frequency of incidental nodules. Our aim is to assess the frequency ...

OBJECTIVE: Comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are important factors that determine the prognosis of the disease. However, there are few studies about renal dysfunction. We aimed to compare the ...

OBJECTIVES: Dyspnea is a prominent symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Stage C-D often complain of dyspnea, but the relationship ...