OBJECTIVES: Dyspnea is a prominent symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Stage C-D often complain of dyspnea, but the relationship ...

Objective: There is no definite laboratory parameter in predicting short-term prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic effect of serum blood urea ...

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated withincreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) is a noninvasive method assessing atherosclerosis.Objective: ...