Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third most common cause of death in the world, is a multicomponentdisease with pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. The red blood cell distribution width ...

OBJECTIVES: Dyspnea is a prominent symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Stage C-D often complain of dyspnea, but the relationship ...

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common and important comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Literature indicates that there may be a relationship between diagonal earlobe ...

Heated tobacco products release nicotine without burning tobacco with an electronically controlled heating system. 56-year-old male patient admitted with sudden onset of chest pain and shortness of breath. He had been using ...

Objective: There is no definite laboratory parameter in predicting short-term prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic effect of serum blood urea ...

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of electrolyte and uric acid disturbances and their effects on mortality in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ...

Objective To evaluate the short-term changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), ganglion cell complex (GCC) analysis, and retinal nerve fiber length (RNFL) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ...

Objective: Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, especially in theelderly. The use of clinical risk scores to determine prognosis is complex and thereforeleads to errors in clinical practice. Pneumonia can ...