The association between total cholesterol and cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Abstract

Aim: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily a respiratory system disorder associated with extrapulmonary conditions. Cognitive impairment (CoI) is very common among COPD patients This study sought to investigate the association between CoI and clinical parameters, inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in a COPD patient population. Methods: The study population included 111 stable COPD patients. COPD was diagnosed according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guideline. Total complete blood count test and biochemical measurements including lipid profile were performed. Afterwards, all patients underwent neuropsychological assessment including Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tests. Results: The patients were categorized into two groups according to their MoCA test score: MoCA score ? 21 (CoI) (n = 69) and MoCA score > 21 (normal cognition) (n = 42). Total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly lower in patients with CoI compared to patients with normal cognition. Inflammation related parameters including C-reactive protein were similar among groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded education, HADS score and TC (OR:1.02, 95% CI:1.00–1.04, p = 0.025) as independent predictors of MoCA score. Conclusion: TC independently associates with CoI in COPD patients. There is comparable inflammatory status in COPD patients with CoI compared to COPD patients with normal cognition. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.